Plasma cutting can induce localized hardening in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), with the extent of this hardening depending on factors such as cutting speed and steel composition. This article examines the mechanisms, research findings, and practical implications of plasma-induced hardening.
How Plasma Cutting Works
Mechanisms of Steel Hardening
Cutting speed: Faster speeds reduce heat input, minimizing HAZ size. Steel type: High-carbon and alloy steels are more prone to hardening. Gas selection: Inert gases like nitrogen may reduce oxidation-related brittleness.
Research and Industry Findings
Academic studies confirm HAZ hardness increases, particularly in medium/high-carbon steels. Industry reports emphasize optimizing cut parameters to control hardening. Pre- or post-cut heat treatment (e.g., preheating, tempering) can mitigate unwanted hardness.
Practical Implications
Stress relieving (~$50–100/hour) reduces residual stresses.
Energy consumption: 10–50 kWh per operation (~$1–5 at average rates).
Optimizing Cuts to Reduce Hardening
Select appropriate gases (e.g., argon-hydrogen for stainless steels). Implement automated height control to maintain consistent arc distance.
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